Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering24INTERACTION’S EFFECT OF ORGANIC MATERIAL AND AGGREGATION ON EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY OF TPHS FROM PETROLEUM CONTAMINATED SOILS WITH MAE213220H. Ganjidoust Gh. Naghizadeh20151209Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) is a type of low-temperature thermal desorption process that its numerous advantages have caused a wide spread use of it. Microwave heating is a potentially attractive technique as it provides volumetric heating process to improve heating efficiencies as compared with conventional techniques. The ability to rapidly heat the sample solvent mixture is inherent to MAE and the main advantage of this technique. Presently MAE has been shown to be one of the best technologies for removing environmental pollutants specially PAHs, phenols and PCBs from soils and sediments. Five different mixtures and types of aggregation (Sand, Top soil, Kaolinite) besides three concentrations of crude oil as a contaminant (1000, 5000 and 10000 mg/L) were considered. The results indicated that regardless of aggregation, the presence of humus component in soil reduces the efficiency. Minimum and maximum efficiencies were for sandy soil (containing organic components) and kaolinite (without any organic content), respectively. According to the results of this research when some amount of humus and organic materials are available in the matrix, it causes the extraction efficiency to perform as a function of just humus materials but not aggregation. Increasing the concentration of crude oil reduced the efficiency with a sharp steep for higher concentration (5000-10000 mg/L) and less steeper for lower concentration (1000-5000 mg/L). The concentration of the contaminant, works just as an independent function with extraction time and aggregation factors. The extraction period of 10 min. can be suggested as an optimum extraction time in FMAE for PAHs contaminated soils.https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/view/53https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/download/53/52Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering24"ATRAZINE ADSORPTION-DESORPTION BEHAVIOR IN DAREHASALUIE KAVAR CORN FIELD SOIL "221228M. DehghaniS. NasseriS. AminK. NaddafiM. YunesianM. Taghavi N. Maleki20151209Adsorption desorption behaviors of widely applied atrazine soil were studied, employing a batch technique as a case study in Darehasaluie Kavar corn field in Fars Province in 2005. Samples were collected into 0 to 20 cm soil depth, where was cultivated under a crop rotation (corn-wheat) during the past 10 years. Sorption kinetics exhibited two phenomena: an immediate rapid sorption (1.31 µg/g soil after 12 hours) followed by a slow sorption process (1.37 µg/g soil after 24 hours). Desorption behavior of atrazine was similar to its adsorption, but at a very slower rate. Atrazine desorption efficiencies were much less effective and incomplete even after a long equilibration time (only 9.16% after 96 hours). The adsorption-desorption rate for most of the time was positively related to the amount of applied atrazine and the time required for equilibration (Phttps://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/view/54https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/download/54/53Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering24RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC NOISE ESTIMATES IN HIGHWAYS OF TEHRAN BY MONTE CARLO SIMULATION METHOD229236I. AlimohammadiP. NassiriM. Behzad M. R. Hosseini20151209This study was aimed to examine the reliability of traffic noise estimate and measurement techniques in highways of Tehran, capital of Iran. The multiple regressions showed that the traffic flow and the distance from the effective source position are the most important factors to estimate the L10 (1h). Traffic flow, traffic composition in terms of heavy vehicles and traffic speed are identified as the key factors influencing the generation of traffic noise. The new equations for estimating the noise descriptor L10 was calibrated on the basis of noise measurements. The effects of the key factors on L10 (1h) were examined by the sensitivity analysis and it was found that traffic flow, distance from the effective source position, traffic composition and traffic speed had the most sensitivity on traffic noise, respectively. The probability distribution for each of the key factors was derived with the use of the survey data. The reliability of the traffic noise estimates was obtained from the combined probability distribution of the key factors by Monte Carlo simulation method. This study showed that there was no significant difference between estimated noise by calibrated CoRTN calculation of road traffic noise and measured noise level. The reliability analysis gives the traffic noise estimates with a particular probability or vice versa.https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/view/55https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/download/55/54Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering24BIODEGRADATION OF MTBE BY A MICROORGANISM CONSORTIUM237246M. AlimohammadiA. R. MesdaghiniaM. MahmoodiS. NasseriA. H. Mahvi J. Nouri20151209Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) is one of the ether oxygenates which its use has been increased within the last twenty years. This compound is produced from isobutylene and methanol reaction that is used as octane index enhancer and also increases dissolved oxygen in gasoline and decreases carbon monoxide emission in four phased motors because of better combustion of gasoline. High solubility in water (52 g/L), high vapor pressure (0.54 kg/cm3), low absorption to organic carbon of soil and presence of MTBE in the list of potentially-carcinogens of U.S EPA has made its use of great concern. The culture media used in this study was Mineral Salt Medium (MSM). The study lasted for 236 days and in three different concentrations of MTBE of 200, 5 and 0.8 mg/L. A control sample was also used to compare the results. This research studied the isolation methods of microbial consortium in the MTBE polluted soils in Tehran and Abadan petroleum refinery besides MTBE degradation. The results showed the capability of bacteria in consuming MTBE as carbon source. Final microbial isolation was performed with several microbial passages as well as keeping consortium in a certain amount of MTBE as the carbon source.https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/view/56https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/download/56/55Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering24APPLICATION OF E-COMMERCE IN LOCAL HOME SHOPPING AND ITS CONSEQUENCES ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND AIR POLLUTION REDUCTION247250S. M. Tehrani A. R. Karbassi20151209Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) is one of the ether oxygenates which its use has been increased within the last twenty years. This compound is produced from isobutylene and methanol reaction that is used as octane index enhancer and also increases dissolved oxygen in gasoline and decreases carbon monoxide emission in four phased motors because of better combustion of gasoline. High solubility in water (52 g/L), high vapor pressure (0.54 kg/cm3), low absorption to organic carbon of soil and presence of MTBE in the list of potentially-carcinogens of U.S EPA has made its use of great concern. The culture media used in this study was Mineral Salt Medium (MSM). The study lasted for 236 days and in three different concentrations of MTBE of 200, 5 and 0.8 mg/L. A control sample was also used to compare the results. This research studied the isolation methods of microbial consortium in the MTBE polluted soils in Tehran and Abadan petroleum refinery besides MTBE degradation. The results showed the capability of bacteria in consuming MTBE as carbon source. Final microbial isolation was performed with several microbial passages as well as keeping consortium in a certain amount of MTBE as the carbon source.https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/view/57https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/download/57/56Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering24COMBINED COMPOST AND VERMICOMPOSTING PROCESS IN THE TREATMENT AND BIOCONVERSION OF SLUDGE251254H. AlidadiA. R. Parvaresh M. R. Shamansouri20151209Traditional thermophillic composting is commonly for treatment of sludge. A related technique as vermicomposting process, using earthworms to breakdown sludge, is also becoming popular. These two techniques have their inherent advantages and disadvantages. The combined approach suggested in this study to enhance the overall process and improve the products qualities. Two systems,vermicomposting and combined compost vermicomposting processes, have been investigated in this study. The sludge used in this study was obtained from the drying beds of South Isfahan wastewater treatment plant.The sludge mixed with sawdust to provide C/N ratio of 25/1.Eisenia fetida was the species of earthworms used in the vermicomposting processes.The results obtained indicates reduction in the amount of volatile solids,total carbon and C/N ratio with the vermicompost age,which indicates the reduction in the biodegradable organic content and mineralization of sludge. Also increase in phosphorus concentration by the end process because of mineralization of organic matter.
The results indicate that, a system that combines the two mentioned processes not only shortens stabilization time, but also improves the products quality. Combining the two systems resulted in a product that was more stable and homogenous; the product could meet the pathogen reduction requirements.https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/view/58https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/download/58/57Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering24ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY OF HEAVY METALS IN A SEDIMENT CORE OFF BUSHEHR, PERSIAN GULF255260A. R. KarbassiGh. R. Nabi-Bidhendi I. Bayati20151209In present study, the geochemistry of a sediment core from the Persian Gulf is investigated. The sources of trace elements (Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, Mn) have been investigated by the method of cluster analysis as well as chemical partitioning techniques. Cluster analysis shows that Pb, Cu, Cr and Zn are originated from oil pollution sources taking into account Zn as an oil pollution indicator. Higher concentrations of Mn at depth of 7cm clearly shows the movement of Mn from the lower layer of the sediment core. Considerable amount of Mn, Pb and Cu are found in lithogenous portion The results of partition studies has revealed the percentile of anthropogenic portion of metals as:
Mn (46%)> pb (40%)> Cu (18%)> Zn (12.8%)> Fe (2.4%)> Cr & Ni (0.03)
Finally, the concentration of studied metals are compared with those of mean crust and mean world sediments. Though concentrations of a few metals are higher than mean crust and men world sediments but Cr in-spite of its higher concentration is mainly derived from natural resources.
The results indicate that, a system that combines the two mentioned processes not only shortens stabilization time, but also improves the products quality. Combining the two systems resulted in a product that was more stable and homogenous; the product could meet the pathogen reduction requirements.https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/view/59https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/download/59/58Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering24IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTES IN AMMONIA UNIT OF RAZI PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEX AND FEASIBILITY OF WASTE MINIMIZATION261266F. Fakheri RaoufR. Nabizadeh N. Jafarzadeh20151209Petrochemical industries are considered as strategic and important sectors in economic development of Iran. Razi petrochemical factory is one of complex in Iran, established in 1970 with 100 hectare. In this research, the possibility of waste minimization in the ammonia unit of Razi petrochemical complex with about 1000 tons per year was studied for a period of 18 months from September 2003 to April 2005. More than 20 site visits were conducted and the required information was collected. Factors such as industrial solid wastes quality and quantity, sources of generation, production period and the present management practice, were studied. Petrochemical solid wastes were classified based on the recommended method of the United Nations and appropriate policies were suggested for waste minimization. The collected results of this study show production of 185 tons of industrial solid wastes from 45 sources which contained 68.5% catalysts, 10.25% metal barrels, 18.61% aluminum ball, 2.62% plastic barrels and 0.02% paper. 93.3% of these wastes were generated as the result of catalysts change, 3.3% as the result of using chemicals and oils, 1.7% as the result of methanol solution amid application, and 1.1% because of aluminum ball changes. Based on the UNEP methods, the ammonia unit wastes classified as 19/7%hazadrous and 87,12% non hazardous. At present 87.12% of these wastes are being dumped in the area and 12.88% are sold. Proposed procedures for waste minimization contain 68.5% reuse and recycling and 31.5% recycling.https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/view/60https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/download/60/59Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering24EVALUATION OF CHRONOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) SYSTEM IN URMIA267272A. JalilzadehY. Rahimi A. Parvaresh20151209Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a serious environmental hazard and social problem in Iran. Currently a high volume of solid waste is generated every day in the district towns of Iran and unfortunately solid waste management is being deteriorated due to the limited resources to handle the increasing rate of generated waste. Due to this fact that more than 60% of solid waste management cost is usually alocated for purpose collection and transportation of generated solid waste in the city. Analysis of this section and understanding of its effect on the management system could have a great role in reduction the costs and solving many of exist problems. This study illustrate the effectiveness of timing managing an MSW economy and that has been carried out as a case study in Urmia. Results of this research illustrsate that 58.3% in Neisan, 68.7% in Khavar, 61.5% in Benz, 81.3% in Compactor and 59.3% in FAUN 0f each cycle time is pickup time.. Mean of traveling speed for Van, Mini-truck, Truck, FAUN and Compactor was 35,46,41,38 and 42 kilometer per hour respectively. Total spent time for collection and transportation of solid waste were 1:21 hour with Van, 1:23 hour with Mini-truck, 1:29 hour with Truck, 17 minutes with FAUN and 57 minutes with Compactor. Result of this study illustrated Van is the most economic vehicle for solid waste collection system in Urmia city. Generally, priority to usage of solid waste collection vehicles illustrate in below: Truck < Mini-truck < Compactor < Van < FAUNhttps://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/view/61https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/download/61/60Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering24CHROMIUM BIOREMOVAL FROM TANNERY INDUSTRIES EFFLUENT BY ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE273279M. Nouri SepehrS. NasseriM. Mazaheri Assadi K. Yaghmaian20151209Recently laboratory studies had recognized the capability of alge, fungi, and bacteria in the removal of heavy metals from industrial effluent. In this research, growth of Aspergillus oryzae in the tanning house effluent, and its capability in chromium bioremoval were assessed. Aspergillus oryzae can grow in different concentration of Cr+, 120-1080 mg/l. Maximum biomass growth and chromium removal rate at pH, 3.3, Cr+3 concentration equal to 240 mg/l and inoculum size equal to 0.12% (dry weight) were 0.25% (dry weight ) and 94.2%, respectively. Effects of various factors such as pH, temperature, shaking velocity and nutrients were also investigated. At optimum conditions (ie: pH=5; temperature=30ºC, shaking velocity = 150 rpm, and nitrogen source of dihydrogen ammonium phosphate concentration=0.3%), biomass growth and chromium removal rate were found as 0.45% of dry weight and 99.8%, respectively. Effect of detention time showed that after 30h, biomass growth and chromium removal rate were 0.28% and 97.6%, respectively. Statistical studies on factors such as pH, temperature, shaking velocity, type and concentration of nutrients on the “biomass growth” and “residual chromium”, showed that all of the factors had significant effects ( α = 0.05, P < 0.001 ). Therefore A.niger capable grow in the tannery industries effluent with 240 mg/l chromium and 97.6% chromium removal rate .https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/view/62https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/download/62/61