Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering82REMOVAL OF DIVALENT NICKEL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY ADSORPTION ONTO MODIFIED HOLLY SAWDUST: EQUILIBRIUM AND KINETICS167174M.SamarghandiS.AzizianM.SiboniS.JafariS.Rahimi20151209The removal of divalent nickel from aqueous solutions on modified
holly sawdust was studied at varying contact times, pH, initial divalent
nickel concentrations and adsorbent dose. Results showed the removal
efficiency by increasing of pH increased and decreased with initial
nickel divalent concentration. By increasing pH from 2 to 12
(equilibrium time= 240 min, adsorbent dose= 0.6g/100 mL, divalent nickel
concentrations= 60 mg/L), the removal efficiency increased from 17.47 %
to 81.76 %. Also removal efficiency was decreased from 98 % to 19.3 %
by increasing of initial divalent nickel concentrations from 20 mg/l to
100 mg/L. Also the results showed the removal efficiency was increased
by increasing of adsorbent dose and contact time. By increasing of
adsorbent dose from 0.2 g/100CC to 1 g/100CC, the removal efficiency
increased from 32.78% to 99.98%. The removal efficiency increased from
34.7% to 83.67% by increasing of contact time from 5 min to 240 min.
Experimental equilibrium and kinetics data were fitted by Langmuir and
Freundlich isotherms and pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order
kinetics models, respectively. The results show that the equilibrium
data follow Langmuir isotherm and the kinetic data follow
pseudo-second-order model. The obtained maximum adsorption capacity was
22.47 mg/g at a pH 7. The results show that the modified holly sawdust
can be used for the treatment of aqueous solutions containing nickel as a
low cost adsorbent.https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/view/290https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/download/290/289Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering82APPLICATION OF NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANE IN THE SEPARATION OF AMOXICILLIN FROM PHARMACEUTICAL WASTEWATER106110A.ShahtalebiM.Sarrafzadeh20151209Separation of amoxicillin from pharmaceutical wastewater by
nanofiltration (NF) membrane has been investigated in this study. For
this purpose a membrane system including a polyamide spiral wound NF
membrane was evaluated for the treatment of amoxicillin wastewater. The
effects of operating conditions such as flow rate, pressure and
concentration of amoxicillin and COD in the feed, on the efficiency of
the membrane were evaluated. The permeation flux and rejection of
amoxicillin and COD were the criteria for this evaluation. The rejection
of the amoxicillin by the selected NF membrane was adequate and in most
cases exceeded 97% whereas COD reached a maximum of 40% rejection and
permeation flux was over 1.5 L/min.m2. The rise in pressure
enhanced the transport rate of the solvents. Permeation flux of the NF
membrane increased with increasing flow rates. Experimental data also
indicated that concentration polarization existed in this membrane
separation process. The stable permeation flux and high rejection of
amoxicillin indicated the potential of NF for the recovery of
amoxicillin from the pharmaceutical wastewaterhttps://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/view/291https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/download/291/290Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering82A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ARSENIC (III) REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING NANO AND MICRO SIZED ZERO-VALENT IRON157166A.RahmaniH.GhaffariM.Samadi20151209The present study was conducted for Arsenic (III) removal, one of the
most poisonous groundwater pollutants, by synthetic nano and micro size
zerovalent iron (n-mZVI). Batch experiments were performed to
investigate the influence of As (III), nZVI and mZVI concentration, pH
of solution and reaction time on the efficiency of As (III) removal by
Fe0 particles. Nano ZVI was synthesized by reduction of ferric chloride
by sodium borohydrid. Scanning Electron microscope and X-Ray diffraction
were used to determine particle size and characterization of produced
nanoparticles. Results showed up to 99.9% removal efficiency for arsenic
(III) that was obtained by nZVI dosage of 1 g/L at equal time of 10 min
and pH=7. The maximum removal efficiency by mZVI obtained in initial
arsenic concentration of 1 mg/L and mZVI dosage of 10 g/L after 120 min.
and pH=7. It could be concluded that the removal efficiency was
enhanced with increasing n-mZVI dosage and reaction time, but decreased
with increasing of arsenic concentration and pH for both nano and micro
sized ZVI. Nano ZVI presented an outstanding ability to remove As (III)
due to not only a high surface area and low particle size but also to
high inherent activity.https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/view/292https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/download/292/291Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering82EFFECT OF FENTON PROCESS (H2O2 / FE2+) ON REMOVAL OF LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE (LAS) USING CENTERAL COMPOSITE DESIGN AND RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY111116S. A.MousaviA.MahviS.NasseriSh.Ghaffari20151209This study investigates the degradation of Linear Alkylbenzene
Sulfonate (LAS) in aqueous solution using Fenton's process in a batch
reactor (at pH = 3 and 25°C). Experiments were carried out to survey the
effects of the amounts of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4.7H2O) and hydrogen
peroxide (H2O2) on the LAS and COD removal. Central composite design and
response surface methods were used to optimize the Fenton oxidation
process through examination of three independent operating variables
namely oxidant dose (H2O2), catalyst dose (Fe+2) and reaction time.,
hydrogen peroxide dose ranging from 150 to 750 mg /L and Fe+2
concentration in the range of 10 -130 mg /L were selected to be examined
at different reaction times between 20 and 80 minutes. Models were
developed and results shows that the oxidation capacities of H2O2 /Fe+2
were highly dependent on the concentration of H2O2 and Fe+2.
Satisfactory decay rates of LAS to lock up biodegradable concentration
level were obtained, and in the case for oxidation of 200 mg /L LAS, the
optimum values were achieved at 600 and 130 mg/L for H2O2 and Fe+2,
respectively.https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/view/293https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/download/293/292Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering82APPLICATION OF FLAT PLATE SOLAR COLLECTOR FOR THERMAL DISINFECTION OF WASTEWATER EFFLUENTS121126D.RabbaniH.Hooshyar20151209Application of solar energy for wastewater treatment has shown to
have the least negative effects and costs. This experimental research
was carried out in pilot-scale on the effluent of the extended aeration
activated sludge wastewater treatment system in Kashan. The plant is
located at the Kashan University of Medical Sciences campus and receives
about 100 m3/d sewage from official and residential building blocks. In
this study thermal disinfection of the effluent in 55 ºC for 2 hours
using flat plat solar collector (FPSC) was investigated. During the
study in the beginning of every week, one day was selected randomly and
the pilot was run. The pilot influent temperature was the same as
ambient air throughout the day. If the liquid temperature within the
pilot increased above 55 ºC, a thermostatic valve opened. Passed liquid
was maintained for 2 hours in this temperature. Whenever the volume of
disinfected effluent was measurable fecal MPN test and Nemathoda eggs
count-up were done according to the Standard Methods and Leeds-II
directions, respectively. In 200 days from April to November the
geometric mean of fecal coliform never exceeded the WHO guideline (1000
MPN/100mL), but in 5 days (21% ) it exceeded the Iranian standard
(400/100mL). Mathematical mean of Nemathoda eggs was less than 1 per
liter (Engelberg Index) persistently. The mean of hydraulic loading
rates was calculated 83.25 L/d m2 while it decreased to 41.85L/d.m2 in
the days without thermal reclamation.https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/view/294https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/download/294/293Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering82INTERACTION OF ACRYLONITRILE VAPORS ON A BENCH SCALE BIOFILTER TREATING STYRENE-POLLUTED WASTE GAS STREAMS127132R.DehghanzadehH.AslaniA.TorkianM.Asadi20151209Considering concurrent use of styrene and acrylonitrile as raw
materials in the production of synthetic resins and plastic and their
associated differences in physiochemical properties and
biodegradability, our experiments were conducted in a three-stage
downflow bench-scale biofilter to study the potential suppressive
effects of acrylonitrile on styrene removal. A Mixture of yard waste
compost and shredded plastics and activated sludge was used as bed
media. Gas phase concentration of styrene and acrylonitrile was
determined via gas chromatographic analysis. Under steady-state
conditions, maximum elimination capacity of styrene and acrylonitrile
was 44 and 120 g/m3 h, respectively. The effect of moisture was very
significant in reducing the specific adsorptive capacity (μg/g of bed
media) of styrene and acrylonitrile. The bed media with 60% moisture
content lost styrene absorption capacities by more than one order of
magnitude when compared to dry media. The existence of water increased
the absorption capacity of medium for acrylonitrile about 95%. Styrene
elimination capacity of the biofilter during co-treatment was less as
compared to pure styrene biodegradation indicating the likelihood of
inhibitory kinetics. Introduction of acrylonitrile into the air stream
reduced elimination capacity of styrene to 103 g/m3 h. The adverse
impact on removal rate of acrylonitrile due to the presence of styrene
in the gas stream was minimal. Carbon-equivalent removal for the system
amounted to about 85 g C/m3 h at empty bed retention time of 120 s.https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/view/295https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/download/295/294Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering82BIOSORPTION OF Cr (VI) BY RESTING CELLS OF FUSARIUM SOLANI117120M.Sen20151209Chromium is one of the toxic heavy metals which exists in nature as
stable hexavalent and trivalent forms. The hexavalent form of chromium
is more toxic than trivalent chromium as it persists indefinitely in the
environment complicating its remediation. The conventional physical and
chemical treatment techniques used for the removal of Cr(VI) are
expensive and highly energy intensive, moreover they produce harmful
by-products, ultimate disposal of which again causes secondary
pollution. Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution using biological
sources as biosorbent has assumed advantageous over the existing
conventional physico-chemical techniques for the treatment of metal
contaminated wastes. The present batch biosorption study was undertaken
with an aim to examine the Cr (VI) removal potential of the resting
cells of Fusarium solani (isolated from soil) from aqueous solution. The
specific Cr (VI) removal decreased with increase in pH and increased
with increase in initial Cr(VI) concentration , up to 500 mg/L . The
specific Cr(VI) removal remained almost constant by increasing biomass
concentration from 2.4 to 5.2 g/L. The studies also carried out by using
the resting cells obtained from various stages of growth and the
maximum specific Cr(VI) removal (60 mg/g ) was achieved at 500 mg/L
initial Cr(VI) concentration and by using cells (36 h old). The Langmuir
adsorption isotherm constants, Q0 and b were observed to be 57.1 mg/L
and 0.06 l 1/mg, respectively.https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/view/296https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/download/296/295Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering82OCCURRENCE OF AFLATOXIN M1 IN RAW MILK PRODUCED IN ARDEBIL OF IRAN133140A.KamkarGh.Jahed KhanikiS.Alavi20151209Contamination of milk and dairy products to aflatoxin M1 is a risk for human and it can be a public heath concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk samples produced in Ardebil City (Iran) by ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) technique. 122 samples of raw milk were collected from milk collecting centers and dairy plants in the region and aflatoxin M1 contamination was detected in all of milk samples. The mean concentration of aflatoxin M1 was 40.01ng/L and 14.75 percent of the samples had higher levels than the maximum recommended limits by ISIRI, European Community and Codex Alimentarius. With a view of the fact that milk is used by all the age groups including infants and children in the city of Ardebil, it is necessary to apply an ideal recommended limit to minimize the health hazard from aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk. Application of Good Agricultural Practices and Good Veterinary Practices by agriculture and also the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system as a draft code of practice for preharvest and postharvest control of dairy cow's feed and in milk and dairy products processing is effective.https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/view/297https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/download/297/296Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering82SIMULATION OF TEMPERATURE CHANGES IN IRAN UNDER THE ATMOSPHERE CARBON DIOXIDE DUPLICATION CONDITION141146Gh.RoshanF.Khoshakh laghGh.AziziH.Mohammadi20151209The present research intends to show the effect of global warming on
the trend and patterns of temperature in Iran. The study has been
divided into two primary parts, the first of which is an analysis of the
country's temperature trend using the following data measures: the
minimum, maximum, and mean seasonal night temperature (the minimum
temperature) components, the day temperature (the maximum temperature)
component and the mean daily temperature component. This data is
specific to the time frame 1951 to 2005 and it was obtained from 92
synoptic and climatology stations around the country. The second part of
this research involved simulating and forecasting the effects of global
warming on temperature values under conditions in which greenhouse
gases have increased. For analyzing these simulations and forecasts the
MAGICC SCENGEN model was used and different climate change scenarios
were taken into consideration. The results are quite interesting. In the
analysis of the country's current temperature trend and in the
forecasting's, specifically related to time, a significant temperature
increase was observed during the summer months. Also, with regard to
altitudinal levels, it was evident that stations at higher altitudes
show a more significant increase in daily and mean daily temperatures.
Taking into account the output mean of the different climate change
scenarios, the temperature simulations show a 4.41° C increase in Iran's
mean temperature by 2100. Most of these temperature increases would
occur in the southern and eastern parts of Bushehr, certain coastal
regions of the Persian Gulf, eastern and western parts of Fars,
Kohgilooye, Boyerahmad, southern parts of Yazd, as well as southern and
southeastern parts of Esfahanhttps://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/view/298https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/download/298/297Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering82EQUILIBRIUM AND KINETICS STUDY OF REACTIVE RED 123 DYE REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY ADSORPTION ON EGGSHELL101106M.EhrampoushGh.GhanizadehM.Ghaneian20151209The aim of this study was to determine the equilibrium and kinetics
adsorption of reactive red 123 dye (RR 123) from aqueous solution with
chicken's eggshell as an adsorbent. The initial concentrations of
reactive red 123 dye were selected in the range of 25 and 50 mg/L. The
target adsorbent was prepared in laboratory conditions and pulverized by
ASTM standard sieves. Measurement of the adsorbent surface area was
carried out via Brunauer-Emmett-Teller isotherm. The experimental data
were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The
results showed that the calcium components were the main constituents of
eggshell (around 95% Ca). The experimental adsorption isotherm was in
good concordance with Langmuir and Freundlich models (R2>0.90) and
based on the Langmuir isotherm the maximum amount of adsorption (qmax)
was 1.26 mg/g. Increase of the eggshell dose and the solution
temperature beyond 45◦C led to decrease of the adsorbed dye per mass
unit of the adsorbent, but increase of the solution pH up to 9 led to
improvement of dye adsorption. The kinetic studies revealed that the
adsorption of reactive red 123 was rapid and complied with pseudo
second-order kinetic (R2= 0.99), with the kinetic constant of 0.02
g/mg.min.https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/view/299https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/download/299/298Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering82THE EFFECT OF METAL OXIDES ON THE REFINERY EFFLUENT TREATMENT147156G.SoltanianM.Behbahani20151209Metal Oxides (Titania TiO2, and Calamine (ZNO)) have been used as
tertiary treatment for Refinery Effluent treatment and wastewaters to
comply with the regulatory discharge limits and to oxidize persistent
compounds that had not been oxidized in the biological treatment. The
wastewater was provided by the Bandar Abbas Refinery. Although BOD
removal is high in this plant, a residual and persistent COD (Chemical
Oxygen Demand), besides a somewhat high phenol content remains. Three
catalysts were tested TiO2 (Aldrich), ZnO (Aldrich), and TiO2 (P25,
Degussa) by the UV radiation, the third being the most active. The
optimized conditions obtained with an experimental design were 3.0 (g/L)
TiO2 and pH=6.3. The use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) showed no
beneficial effect. Removal of 93% of phenols, 56% of dissolved organic
carbon (DOC), and more than 50% of oil and grease (OG) were achieved in
the catalytic process with UV radiation, improving the quality of the
treated wastewater.https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/view/300https://ijehse.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jehse/article/download/300/299